It’s not unusual for people to ask me how they can get interns on their farm when they hear that we’ve had them. After all, it’s free labor, right? Wrong! It’s actually pretty complicated legally.
I’m just going to say that you should consult a lawyer and an accountant for all of the rules related to having an intern.
So, let’s skip ahead and say that you’ve done your homework and are sure that you’re okay legally.
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What do you need to know about farm interns?
Although interns can be helpful, they do not serve the same function as an employee. If you need someone who knows what they’re doing and will stay with you long term, hire a qualified employee.
An internship is an educational experience
The intern is supposed to be learning. That means that you should never get an intern to do something that you don’t know how to do yourself. Don’t call the local college and put out an ad for a social media intern if you know nothing about social media. College students may know how to use Facebook socially, but many have no clue how to use it for businesses.
I have a masters degree in communication, so I’ve had public relations interns, and I’ve had to do a lot of teaching. Many college students have not used business pages before, and they don’t really know what constitutes good media or not.
For example, if you have them schedule Facebook posts, you need to have them schedule them far enough ahead that you can check them before they actually post. Skip this at your own peril and risk the reputation of your farm. Just think of all the “dumb” questions you’ve answered when visitors come to your farm. An intern who does not know your farm intimately will misunderstand or make some incorrect assumptions about what you do and why you do it.
You need to love teaching
If you love teaching, and you’re excited about training the next generation of farmers or marketers, then go for it. Learn what you need to do to be compliant. The world needs more sustainable farmers and others working with farmers, and an internship is the best way for them to learn. Some of our interns have included pre-vet and pre-law students, as well as one who wanted to go into politics helping farmers as a lobbyist.
Interns make mistakes
Some can be very costly and possibly deadly. Remember, this is a learning experience for them. They will make incorrect assumptions. They may misunderstand directions. And just because they say they know how to do something doesn’t mean they really know how to do it.
One year we had an intern who planted several packets of seeds, and none of them germinated. They were several different varieties of brand new seeds, so she probably planted them too deep. That mistake put us two weeks behind with those vegetables in the garden.
I once left two interns in the barn mucking out a stall, and the next time I looked into the pasture, I saw way too many goats running around — including a buck! When I asked why they let all of the goats into the pasture, one responded with a shrug, “I don’t know.”
We had one person who repeatedly left the duck eggs where the livestock guardian dogs could eat them. One time after I told her she needed to remember to bring the duck eggs into the house immediately so the dogs couldn’t eat them, her response was to smile and point to the pond where the ducks were and to say, “They’re laying more!” At that time, we were selling the duck eggs at a farmers market for $10 a dozen, so that was some really expensive dog food.
We had a goat die because of a feeding mistake made by an intern. It was the only case of enterotoxemia we’ve ever had. That was obviously heartbreaking.
Interns are short term
That means you are continually training new ones. Part of the legal requirement for an intern is that you have not promised them a job at the end of the internship. In other words, it can’t be a trial period for a permanent job. That means you won’t have them for more than a few months in most cases. Just when they’ve learned a lot and become a valuable team member, it’s time for them to leave. You can offer them a job at the end, but you can’t give them the internship with the promise of a job in the future.
In most cases, farm interns don’t want a job anyway. They want to go start their own farm after their internship.
Be sure that you have enough to keep an intern busy
Some of the negative stories we’ve heard about other farm internships is that there wasn’t enough to do. Not only does this mean there’s not much to learn, but it also means the interns get bored.
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Last week, I sat down with Joel Salatin of Polyface Farms and author of Field of Farmers: Interning, Mentoring, Partnering, Germinating to talk about his experience with interns. We discussed how their internship program came about and how they choose interns.
And I also have a review of Joel’s book, Field of Farmers.
What do you do to protect yourself and your farm property in the event an intern is seriously injured or worse? Also do you require they carry a certain amount of medical or liability insurance?
There are no guarantees, but we have incorporated as an LLC so that our personal assets won’t be at risk if we are sued, and our farm attorney also suggested that we have interns sign a waiver saying that they understand that working around animals on a farm is inherently dangerous, and they know they can be injured or killed and they and their heirs won’t hold us liable. Again, no guarantees, but it’s better than nothing. You might want to talk to an attorney to learn more about that topic.